Behind the science of calling

 We are starting to use the telephone, phone, mobile phone for communication. In telephone, the system was wired. In phones it is wireless but It is not portable and easy to carry. For that mobile phone is invented to know more about the touch this Link. But most of us don't know how it works? So let you know about this




First, we start from the mobile phone; On our phone, the microphone takes our voice and change from analogue to digital signal (in 0s and 1s). {But in 1g or 1st generation of communication there is the no converter to convert analogue to digital} Back to the topic the analogue is converted into digital with help of ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) which changes the signal and sent to the antenna.


The antenna converts the digital signal into electromagnetic signals. By the zeros and ones in the digital signal makes the electromagnetic waves change in its amplitude, phase, frequency. But these electromagnetic waves can't travel for long-distance due to the weather conditions any physical objects like building, forest etc. To overcome this difficulty we use the cell towers or cells. The cell tower has an antenna, converter. 




The antenna receives the signal and by the converter, the electronics magnetic waves are changed into a light signal. And near the cell tower, a box is placed it is the base transceiver. the base transceiver sent the signal to the MSC(Mobile Switching Center) at there your all information is stored like your recharge plan, your location, phone's signal strength. It is all collected by your"sim card". The sim card has some area in the MSC. That MSC is called as home MSC. For a specific number of cell tower, there will be an MSC. These all towers all are connected by the optical fibre. ( We are using this mobile as wireless but it is wired communication in indirectly) . But you may think what will happen when we get out of the range of our home MSC? For that problem, there is a solution if we move from our range of the Home MSC the foreign MSC will be sent to your home MSC that you are in this area. By this, your information will be updated or if you pass some number cell towers your information will be updated. Then the next problem is there are billion of people using cellular communication but the frequency range that given for this is low. For that 2 ways of technique. One is frequency slot distribution and multiple access techniques. It is which a limited spectrum is allocated for a cell tower area. Each wavelength is differed by its wavelength, amplitude, frequency. These are the technology used in cellular communication. In my next post what will be the topic? A clue is it is becoming a basic need in our life.




Do you know?

#An 4g cell tower cover up to nearly 17-kilo meters. 

#The 5g tower can cover only 0.4752-kilometres. so more cell towers want to be built to cover the area.

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